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(No Model.)

J. B. BOWDEN & H. V. BERNHARDT. METHOD OF FORMING RINGS.

No. 432,365. Patented July 15. 1890.

96V /ZWWW gum/Mm UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH B. BOVVDEN AND IIERMANN V. BERNHARDT, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK; SAID BERNHARDT ASSIGNOR TO SAID BOIVDEN.

METHOD OF FORMING RINGS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 432,365, dated July 15, 1890.

Application filed May 26, 1890- Serial No. 363,209- (No model.)

To all whom it may conccrwa Be it known that we, JOSEPH B. BOWDEN and HERMANN V. BERNHARDT, of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New 5 York, have invented a new and Improved Method for Forming Rings, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The invention relates toa method for forming rings, such as shown and described in the United States Letters Patent, dated April 2, 1889, No. etOO,54:1, and granted to Joseph B. Bowden, one of the above-named parties. The object of the invention is to form flat or rounded-off seamless rings of substantially I uniform density and to prevent detrimental undue compression and undue expansion of the metal during the several operations in forming the ring flOlIl llllG annular blank.

The method consists in first forming airing having a decreasing thickness from the inside to the outside, and then subjecting the ring thus formed to the action of aseries of gradw ated swages, all as will be hereinafter more fully described, and pointed outin the claims. Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a plan View and section of the 0 fiat annular blank from which the fiat rings are formed. Fig. 2 is a sectional side elevation of the matrix with the flat ring in place. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are sectional side elevations of graduated dies and swages with the par- 3 5 tially-formed rings in place. Fig. 6 is a sectional side elevation of the finishing die and swage with the ring and swage in place at the beginning of the operation. Fig. 7 is alike view of the same with the ring and swage in place near the end of the operation. Fig. 8 is a sectional side elevation of the matrix with a rounded-off ring in place. Fig. 9 is a sectional perspective view of the rounded-off ring after leaving the matrix. Fig. 10 is a sectional side elevation of the die and swage with a partly-formed ring in place, and Fig. 1 1 is alike view of the finishing die and swage with the ring in place.

In order to produce flat rings, a washer A is first formed by suitable machinery, the said washer being of a uniform thickness, as is plainly illustrated in Fig. 1. The washer is then placed into an annular groove B, formed in the top of a matrix B, the said annular groove having a beveled bottom, so that the inner edge is deeper than the outer edge, as is plainly illustrated in Fig. 2. The washer A is pressed into this annular groove B, so

'as to assume its shape, thereby producing a ring A having a decreasing thickness from the inner edge to the outer edge, as is plainly shown in Fig. 2. The top of this ring A is flat, while the bottom is beveled, as shown. The ring thus produced is now transferred to a die C, having a bell-shaped opening 0', into which the ring A is pressed by a rounded-elf swage D. The ring A is by this operation changed from its annular form into a conical form A with slightly curved sides, as is plainly shown in Fig. i. The ring A thus formed is now transferred to a die E, having a conical opening E, and is subjected therein to the conical die F, which forms a ring A of conical form, but of decreasing thickness from the small edge to the large one, as is 5 illustrated in Fig. 5. The ring A is now transferred to a finishingdie Gr, having a conical opening G, leading to a cylindrical opening G The ring A is placed into the large end of the conical opening G, with the small edge touching the sides of the small opening, as is plainly illustrated in Fig. 6. The cylindrical swagell is new placed on the small end of the ring A resting on the large edge of the said ring. By now driving the swage H downward the ring A in passing through the inclined sides of the opening G is shaped to circular form. At the sa me time the power applied to the swage Hand the resistance offered by the die G cause the ring 0 to assume a uniform thickness, so that when the ring A leaves the cylindrical opening 93 itsthickness and density are uniform throughout.

It is understood that bysubjecting the ring 95 to the action of the several swages and dies D C, F E, and H G the ring receives equal expansion and compression, so that the ring A finally produced is uniform throughout, and all breakage during the several opera- IOO tions of the dies and swages is practically prevented.

In order to form a ring having a convex outer side, the ring A, instead of having its under side beveled, is slightly curved; but the thickness of the inner edge is considerably greater than the thickness of the outer edge, similarly to the ring A, as plainly shown in Figs. Sand 9. The ring A thus formed on the matrix B, having its groove B correspondingly shaped, is then transferred to the dies 0 to be acted on by the swage D, which forms the ring A of a slightly conical shape, with the outer side rounded off, as is plainly shown in Fig. 10. Thering A is then transferred to the finishing-die I, havinga conical opening l,slightly rounded in the bottom, as is plainly shown in Fig. 2. The ring A is set in this die similarly to the one shown in Fig. (3, and then a swage J is employed having a reduced portion J, adapted to pass into the smaller end of the ring, so that the upper heavy edge of the ring passes under the shoulder J In driving the swage J downward the ring A is formed with a straight inner side by the reduced portion J of the swageJ, and a convex outer side by being in contact with the inclined walls of the conical opening I. The ring in passing down the opening I is formed with a universal thickness and density, thus producing a rounded-oil": ring of perfect shape.

It will be seen that by changing the form of the dies and swages rings of dififerenteross sections can be produced in the same mannor as above described.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The herein-described method for formin g rings from fiat annular blanks,which consists of first forminga ring having a decreasing thickness from the inner edge to the outer edge, and then subjecting the ring to the action of a series of graduated swages and dies, so that the inner side is in alignment with the axis of the ring, substantially as shown and described.

2. The herein-described method of forming rings from flat annular blanks, consisting in first forming a ring having a decreasing thickness from the inner edge to the outer edge, then subjecting the ring to the action of a series 01": graduated swages and dies to more closely align the inner side with the axis of the ring, then placing the ring in an upside down position onto a finishing die and swage, and then subjecting the ring to the action of this finishing die and swage, substantially as shown and described.

JOSEPH B. BOWDEN. HERMANN V. BERNIIARDT.

W'itnesses:

THEo. G. Hosrnn, E. M. CLARK. 

